A plain comparison of reverse osmosis, under-sink carbon and pitcher filters: what each reduces, upkeep, water waste and cost, plus a quick way to decide which one fits your water.
Water filter guides
Research-backed explainers on contaminants, certifications and filter types. Each guide cites its sources and shows when it was last reviewed.
Reverse osmosis and two-stage filters removed 94% or more of PFAS in a Duke and NC State study, while carbon pitchers were inconsistent. Here's what that means, plus the current EPA PFAS rules.
What NSF/ANSI 42, 53, 58, 401, 44, 55 and 244 mean on a water filter box, why the standard number alone isn't enough, and how to check a model's certified claims in two minutes.
There is no known safe level of lead exposure. Learn where lead in tap water comes from, how to test, the new 10 ppb federal action level, and how to pick a filter certified for lead.
Your water utility publishes a Consumer Confidence Report every year. Here's how to find yours, what MCL, MCLG and action level mean, and how to turn the numbers into the right filter choice.
Alkaline and ionized water (including Kangen machines) are marketed with big health claims. Systematic reviews find little good human evidence. Here's what the studies show and what to buy instead.
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